Introduction.

In what relation the Apology of Plato stands to the real defence of Socrates, there are no means of determining. It certainly agrees in tone and character with the description of Xenophon, who says in the Memorabilia that Socrates might have been acquitted ‘if in any moderate degree he would have conciliated the favour of the dicasts；‘ and who informs us in another passage, on the testimony of Hermogenes, the friend of Socrates, that he had no wish to live； and that the divine sign refused to allow him to prepare a defence, and also that Socrates himself declared this to be unnecessary, on the ground that all his life long he had been preparing against that hour. For the speech breathes throughout a spirit of defiance, (ut non supplex aut reus sed magister aut dominus videretur esse judicum‘ (Cic. de Orat.)； and the loose and desultory style is an imitation of the ‘accustomed manner‘ in which Socrates spoke in ‘the agora and among the tables of the money

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